NameJane Hand
Birthabt 1816, Stone, Staffordshire
Death25 Apr 1886, USD Walsall, Staffordshire
MotherJane
Misc. Notes
POSS timeline
6 april 1840 John Parsons, plasterer, m Jane Hand
2 july 1840 son William born (Registration district Stafford)
1841 John the Plasterer alone in Civil Parish: St Mary and St Chad; Hundred: South Pirehill
where are Jane & William??
14 dec 1843 son John born (Registration District Stafford)
17 feb 1844 John the plasterer dies (Registration District Stafford)
=abt 1849 James born=
1851 Jane with sons John (age 7) & James (age 2)
where is William?? he would be abt 11 yrs old


POSS IGI JANE HAND Female
Birth: 22 JUL 1819  
Christening: 28 JUL 1819  Saint Michael, Stone, Stafford, England
Parents: Father: PETER HAND; Mother: JANE
Messages: Extracted birth or christening record for the locality listed in the record.
Source Information: Batch No.:C067731 Dates:1813 - 1819;1819 - 1838;1838 - 1860; 1861 - 1875;  Source Call No.:0435857;0435858; 0435859; 0435860 Type:Film Printout Call No.:0883943;NONE Type: Film Sheet: 00

FreeBMD Marriages Jun 1840
HAND Jane Stafford vol 17 page 117 
PARSONS John Stafford vol 17 page 117
Application #COL 783972
BC#MXC952523
1840 Marriage solemnized in the Parish Church in the Parish of Castle Church in the County of Stafford
6 april 1840
John Parsons; of full age; bachelor; Plasterer, residing Forebridge;
father William Parsons, labourer

Jane Hand of full age; spinster; residing Forebridge; made makr
father Peter Hand, labourer
Married in the Parish Church acc to the R&C of the Established church after Banns
witnesses William Heath & Jane Heath (made mark)
Who are William & Jane Heath -
only one adult William Heath in Castle Church in 1841UKC
POSS Name: William Heath; Gender: Male
Age: 30; Estimated birth year: abt 1811; Where born: Staffordshire, England
Civil Parish: Castle Church; Hundred: East Cuttlestone
County/Island: Staffordshire; Country: England
Registration district: Stafford; Sub-registration district: Castle Church
Piece: 973; Book: 12; Folio: 9; Page Number: 9
Household Members:
William Heath 30
Jane Heath 45

FreeBMD Births Sep 1840
Parsons William Stafford vol 17 pg 109
Application #COL783972
BC# Bxcc1148008
Registration district Stafford
1840 BIRTH in the Sub-District of Castle Church in the County of Stafford
2 july 1840 at Forebridge
William boy
Father John Parsons, plasterer
Mother Jane Parsons formerly Hand

informant John Parsons, Father, Forebridge
registered 4 july 1840
*per Genuki Castle Church parish is a fertile district, in the East Division of Cuttlestone Hundred, on the south side of the River Sow, opposite to Stafford... Most of Forebridge forms a suburb of Stafford, and is in the Borough of Stafford.
and
IGI Baptism WILLIAM PARSONS Male
Christening: 09 AUG 1840 Castle Church, Stafford, England
Father: JOHN PARSONS
Mother: JANE
Messages: Extracted birth or christening record for the locality listed in the record. The source records are usually arranged chronologically by the birth or christening date.
Source Information: Batch No.: Dates: Source Call No.: Type: Printout Call No.: Type: 
C009882 1813 - 1856 0426518  Film 0932917  Film Sheet: 00

Husband John the Plasterer apprears alone on 1841UKC
Where is Jane and baby son William????


FreeBMD Births Dec 1843
PARSONS John Stafford vol 17 pg 137
John Parsons Year of Registration: 1843
Quarter of Registration: Oct-Nov-Dec
District: Stafford; County: Staffordshire; Volume: 17; Page: 137
Application #COL783972
BC# BXCC 148015
Registration District Stafford
1843 BIRTH in the Sub-district of Stafford in the County of Stafford
14 dec 1843 at Stafford
John boy
father John Parsons Plastereer
mother Jane Parsone formerly Hand

informant The mark of Jane Parsons, mother Backwall South
registered 27 dec 1843

FreeBMD Deaths Mar 1844
PARSONS John Stafford vol 17 pg 115
Application # COL783972
DC # DYB 272628
Registration District Stafford
1844 Death in the Sub-District of Stafford in the County of Stafford
17 feb 1844 at Stafford
John Parsons Male 27 years Plasterer (b abt 1817)
CoD Phthisis
Informant The mark of Jane Parsons present at death Cherry Street
registered 20 of feb 1844
and
IGI John Parsons in England, Staffordshire, Church Records
Name John Parsons; Age 27;
Event Type Burial; Event Date 20 Feb 1844
Event Place Stafford, Staffordshire, England, United Kingdom
Event Place (Original) Stafford, Staffordshire, England
Parish St Mary
Death Date 1844
Affiliate Image Identifier D1399/26
Citing this Record: "England, Staffordshire, Church Records, 1538-1944", database with images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:QL7J-3TFS : 8 August 2017), John Parsons, 1844.

NO!NO! POSS Deaths Mar 1847 (>99%) Age at death 0 per GRO
PARSONS William Stafford 17 127
1847 DEATH Sub-District COLWICH; District Stafford
11 mar 1847 William age 3weeks, son of Thomas Parsons, labourer

BIRTH FreeBMD Births Mar 1849 Parsons James; dist Stone vol 17; pg 226
application #COL 727468; BC#BXCC098758
Registration district STONE
1849 BIRTH in the Sub-District of Stone in the County of Stafford
no 365
28 dec 1848 Mill Lane Stone
James, boy; no father; mother Jane Parsons
The mark of Jane Parsons, mother Union Workhouse Stone
registered 24 january 1849

*only 2 James Parsons b 1850 +/-2ys in Staffordshire on the 1851UKC
one James has parents Thomas and MaryAnn
the other is this James in the workhouse with widow Jane

1851UKC England Census > Staffordshire > Stone > District 3g; image 56 of 59 @ancestry.com; Union Workhouse (Union Workhouse begins on pg 52 of 59)
Civil parish: Stone; Town: Stone ; County/Island: Staffordshire; Country: England;
Source information: HO107/2000; Registration district: Stone; Sub-registration district: Stone; ED, institution, or vessel: 3g; Folio: 184; Page: 7, Household schedule number: 175; GSU Number: 87402
Jane Parsons widow age 35, seamstress, b abt 1816 in Stone, Staffordshire, England
John Parsons age 7, b abt 1844 in Stafford, Staffordshire, England

James Parsons age 2 b abt 1849 in Stone, Staffordshire, England
where is son William? he would be 11 yrs old
what happened to John?


FreeBMD Marriages Mar 1859 (>99%) ordered 24 june 2018
Foster William W Bromwich 6b 759
Parsons Jane W. Bromwich 6b 759
application 9309322-24; certificate MXH 387136
1859 Marriage solemnized at St John’s Church in the Parish of Wednesbury in the County of Stafford
no 232 30 January
William Foster, age 56, widower, Coach Harness Dresser, residing Walsall; made mark
father: William Foster, Coach Harness Dresser
Jane Parsons, age 42, widow, residing Walsall; made mark
father Peter Hand, Boatman
Married in the Church of St John acc to the R&C of the Estab Church by Banns
Witnessess: Richard Williams & Eliza Willimas (both made mark)

FreeREG Marriage
County Staffordshire; Place Wednesbury
Church name St John; Register type Parish Register
Register entry number 232
Marriage date 30 Jan 1859
Groom William FOSTER
Groom age 56; Groom condition widower
Groom abode Walsall; Groom occupation Coach Harness Dresser
Bride Jane PARSONS
Bride age 42; Bride condition widow (b abt 1817)

Bride abode Walsall
Groom father William FOSTER
Groom father occupation Coach Harness Dresser
Bride father Peter HAND
Bride father occupation Boatman
Witness Richard WILLIAMS
Witness Eliza WILLIAMS
Register note Bride Groom & Both Witnesses Signed with X
*per Genuki: "Wednesbury, or as it is vulgarly called, Wedgebury, is an ancient manufacturing and market town, near the source of the River Tame, three miles SSW of Walsall”
**Per Genuki: "St John's Church, in Bridge Street, was built in 1845-6, for a new ecclesiastical parish, comprising part of the town.

1861UKC England Census, 2 pages; Staffordshire Walsall Borough District 16; image 9-10 of 37 @ancestry.com; Source Citation: Class: RG 9; Piece: 2013; Folio: 144; Page: 8; GSU roll: 542903; Source Information: Ancestry.com. 1861 England Census [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2005.
Name: Jane Foster; Gender: Female
Age: 43; Estimated birth year: 1818; Where born: Stone, Staffordshire, England

Relation: Wife; Spouse's Name: William Foster
Civil Parish: Walsall Borough; Town: Walsall
County/Island: Staffordshire; Country: England
Registration district: Walsall
Sub-registration district: Walsall
ED, institution, or vessel: 16
Household schedule number: 34
Piece: 2013; Folio: 144; Page Number: 8
Household Members:
William Foster 60 b Walsall Brass Dresser
Jane Foster 43 born: Stone, Staffordshire, England
Julia Parsons 9 step daughter b staff stafford
*Who is Julia Parsons????
only one julia parsons b 1850-1861 in Staffordshire per
POSSFreeBMD Births Sep 1851 (>99%)
Parsons Julia Maria Kidderminster 18 422
Mother’s Maiden name PORTWAY per GRO
Superintendent Registrar’s District Kidderminster
Registrar’s District Lower Mitton
1851 BIRTHS in the District of Lower Mitton in the County of Worcester
no 56 21 july 1851 High Street
Julia Maria, girl
father John Parsons, clerk to tanner
mother Susannah Parsons, formerly Portway
informant Susannah Parsons, mother, High STreet, Lower Mitton
registered 16 aug 1851
POSS Marriages Sep 1869 (>99%)
PARSONS Julia Walsall 6b 741
Kirk Isaiah Walsall 6b 741

POSS IGI MARRIAGE Julia Parsons
Name Isaiah Kirk
Birth Date 1848; Age 21
Father's Name William Kirk
Event Date 1869; Event PlaceWalsall, St. John, Stafford, England
Spouse's Name Julia Parsons
Spouse's Birth Date 1850; Spouse's Age 19
Spouse's Father's Name William Foster
Citing this Record: "England Marriages, 1538–1973 ," database, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:NXY2-LHJ : 10 December 2014), Isaiah Kirk and Julia Parsons, 1869; citing Walsall, St. John, Stafford, England, reference 2:3HWC1D3, index based upon data collected by the Genealogical Society of Utah, Salt Lake City; FHL microfilm 1,526,195.
England Marriages, 1538–1973
Indexing Project (Batch) Number M16749-1
System Origin England-VR
GS Film number 1526195
Reference ID 2:3HWC1D3

1871UKC England Census; Staffordshire Walsall Walsall District 7; image 36 of 39 @ancestry.com; Source Citation: Class: RG10; Piece: 2961; Folio: 21; Page: 35; GSU roll: 836427; Source Information: Ancestry.com. 1871 England Census [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2004.
Name: Jane Foster; Gender: Female
Age: 60; Est birth year: abt 1811; Where born: Stone, Staffordshire, England

Relation: Wife; Spouse's Name: William Foster; Civil Parish: Walsall
Ecclesiastical parish: St Matthew
Town: Walsall;County/Island: Staffordshire; Country: England
Registration district: Walsall
Sub-registration district: Walsall
ED, institution, or vessel: 7
Household schedule number: 187
Piece: 2961; Folio: 21; Page Number: 35
Household Members:
William Foster 70 b Walsall, Staffordshire, England; Brass dresser
Jane Foster 60

1881UKC England Census; Staffordshire Walsall Borough District 9; image 7 of 32 @ancestry.com; Source Citation: Class: RG11; Piece: 2823; Folio: 48; Page: 6; GSU roll: 1341676; Source Information: Ancestry.com and The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. 1881 England Census [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2004.
Name: Jane Foster; Gender: Female
Age: 74; Estimated birth year: abt 1807; Where born: Stone, Staffordshire, England

Relationship to Head: Head
Civil Parish: Walsall Borough
County/Island: Staffordshire; Country: England
Street address: 7 Lower Hall Lane
Marital Status: Widow
Occupation: Supported By The Parish
Registration district: Walsall
ED, institution, or vessel: 9
Piece: 2823; Folio: 48; Page Number: 6
Household Members:
Jane Foster 74

FreeBMB Deaths Jun 1886 (>99%) ordered 24 june 2018
FOSTER Jane 77 Walsall 6b 402a
Superintendent Registrar’sDistrict Walsall
1886 DEATHS in the District of Aldridge on the County of Stafford
no 142?
25 apr 1886 Bretts Street, Rusticell USD Walsall
Jane Foster, female , 77 years
widow of William (Forster crossed out) Foster
note on side: clerical error in col 5 corrected on 6 oct 1886 in the presence of William Foster, son, the mark
CoD General Debility of Lungs, certified by JP Wilson
informant the mark of Sarah Noakes, present at the death, Bretts Street, Rustocell
registered 26 apr 1886


*****
who was William Foster? Where was he on the 1851UKC?
William Foster, b 1801 +/- 10yrs in Staffordshire
none with bplace of Walsall (though one in registration district of Walsall)
none with occ Brass Dresser

William Foster b abt 1796 Easington, Staffordshire, England
Head Wednesfield, Staffordshire; wife Hannah
Name: William Foster; Gender: Male
Age: 55; Est birth year: abt 1796; Where born:Easington, Staffordshire, England
Relation: Head; Spouse's Name: Hannah Foster
Civil Parish:Wednesfield; County/Island:Staffordshire; Country:England
Registration district: Wolverhampton
Sub-registration district: Willenhall
William Foster 55 OCC keysmith
Hannah Foster 53
Lucy Foster 16
Mary Foster 10
*per Genuki: Wednesfield, Staffordshire is 4.2 miles ( 6.8 Km) NW of Wednesbury, Staffordshire. This is measured directly between the two points 'as the crow flies' ignoring any geographical features such as rivers or hills.

William Foster b abt 1798 Bilston, Staffordshire, England
Head Wolverhampton, Staffordshire; wife Sarah
Name: William Foster; Gender: Male
Age: 53; Estimated birth year: abt 1798; Where born:Bilston, Staffordshire, England
Relation: Head; Spouse's Name: Sarah Foster
Civil Parish: Wolverhampton
Ecclesiastical parish: St George
County/Island: Staffordshire; Country: England
Registration district: Wolverhampton
Sub-registration district: Wolverhampton Eastern
William Foster 53 OCC stock-taker in iron work
Sarah Foster 50
Thomas Foster 16
Joseph Foster 14
Charles Foster 10
*per Genuki: Wolverhampton, Staffordshire is 5.0 miles ( 8.1 Km) WNW of Wednesbury, Staffordshire. This is measured directly between the two points 'as the crow flies' ignoring any geographical features such as rivers or hills.

William Foster b abt 1801 Tamworth, Staffordshire, England
Head Willenhall, Staffordshire; wife Sarah
Name: William Foster; Gender: Male
Age: 50; Est birth year: abt 1801; Where born: Tamworth, Staffordshire, England
Relation: Head; Spouse's Name: Sarah Foster
Civil Parish: Willenhall; Ecclesiastical parish: St Giles
County/Island: Staffordshire; Country: England
Registration district: Wolverhampton
Sub-registration district: Willenhall
OCC Lockmaker, employer of 4 men
*per Genuki: Willenhall, Staffordshire is 2.6 miles ( 4.2 Km) NW of Wednesbury, Staffordshire [52.551915,-2.020616]. This is measured directly between the two points 'as the crow flies' ignoring any geographical features such as rivers or hills.

Willm Foster b abt 1806 Great Bridge, Staffordshire, England
Head Baswich, Milford, and Walton, Staffordshire; wife Mary
Name: Willm Foster; Gender: Male
Age: 45; Est birth year: abt 1806; Where born:Great Bridge, Staffordshire, England
Relation: Head; Spouse's Name: Mary Foster
Civil Parish: Baswich, Milford, and Walton
County/Island: Staffordshire; Country: England
Registration district: Stafford
Sub-registration district: Stafford
Willm Foster 45 OCC Boatman
Mary Foster 38
John Foster 12
Susanah Foster 5
Sarah Foster 3
Henry Foster 17
*per Genuki: Baswich, Staffordshire is 17.2 miles (27.7 Km) N of Wednesbury, Staffordshire. This is measured directly between the two points 'as the crow flies' ignoring any geographical features such as rivers or hills.


NO!NO! William Foster b abt 1798 Penkridge, Staffordshire, England
Head Penkridge, Staffordshire; wife Elizabeth
William Foster 53 OCC farm labourer
Elizabeth Foster 30
Edward Foster 19
Diana Foster 2
John Foster 4 Mo
in 1861
Name: William Foster; Gender: Male
Age: 68; Estimated birth year: 1793; Where born:Penkridge, Staffordshire, England
Relation: Head; Spouse's Name: Elizabeth Foster
Civil Parish: Penkridge; County/Island: Staffordshire; Country:England
William Foster 68
Elizabeth Foster 41
John Foster 10
Ellenor Foster 4
Martha Foster 3

NO!NO! Willm Foster b abt 1796 Hanbury, Staffordshire, England
Head Baswich, Milford, and Walton, Staffordshire; wife Prudence
in 1861
Name: William Foster; Gender: Male
Age: 66; Estimated birth year: 1795; Where born: Hanbury, Staffordshire, England
Relation: Head; Spouse's Name: Prudence Foster
Civil Parish: Baswich; County/Island: Staffordshire; Country:England

NO!NO! William Foster b abt 1798 Grinston, Staffordshire, England
Head Tittesworth, Staffordshire; wife Ann
Name: William Foster; Gender: Male
Age: 53; Est birth year: abt 1798; Where born: Grinston, Staffordshire, England
Relation: Head; Spouse's Name: Ann Foster
Civil Parish: Tittesworth; Ecclesiastical parish: St Luke
Town: Leek; County/Island: Staffordshire; Country: England
in 1861
Name: William Foster; Gender: Male
Age: 66; Estimated birth year: 1795; Where born: Grindon, Staffordshire, England
Relation: Head; Spouse's Name: Ann Foster
Civil Parish: Tittesworth; Ecclesiastical parish: St Luke
Town: Leek; County/Island: Staffordshire; Country: England

NO!NO! William Foster b abt 1802 Darlaston, Staffordshire, England
Lodger Darlaston, Staffordshire Registration district: Walsall
OCC Labourer bklayer (HOH is bricklayer journeyman)
in 1861
Name: William Foster; Gender: Male; Relation: Brother
Age: 66; Estimated birth year: 1795; Where born:Darlaston, Staffordshire, England
Civil Parish: Darlaston; Ecclesiastical parish: St George
County/Island: Staffordshire; Country: England
OCC Labourer in Colliery

NO!NO! William Foster b abt 1798 Crakemarsh, Staffordshire, England
Head Uttoxeter, Staffordshire; wife Jane
William Foster 53 OCC Cordwainer
Jane Foster 51
Maria Foster 30
Mary Foster 21
Louisa Foster 23
Ann Foster 17
Selina Foster 13
John Foster 9
in 1861
Name: William Foster; Gender: Male
Age: 63; Estimated birth year: 1798; Where born: Uttoxeter, Staffordshire, England
Relation: Head; Spouse's Name: Jane Foster
Civil Parish: Uttoxeter; County/Island: Staffordshire; Country:England
William Foster 63 OCC shoemaker
Jane Foster 62
Maria Foster 40
Mary Foster 32
Ann Foster 26
John Foster 19

NO!NO! William Foster b abt 1796 Burton-Upon-Trent, Staffordshire, England
Head Burton upon Trent, Derbyshire; wife Ann
Name: William Foster; Gender: Male
Age: 55; Estimated birth year: abt 1796; Where born: Burton-Upon-Trent, Staffordshire, England
Relation: Head; Spouse's Name: Ann Foster
Civil Parish: Burton upon Trent; Ecclesiastical parish: Christchurch
Town: Burton upon Trent; County/Island: Derbyshire; Country: England
in 1861
Name: William Foster; Gender: Male
Age: 60; Estimated birth year: 1801; Where born:Burton, Staffordshire, England
Relation: Head; Spouse's Name: Ann Foster
Civil Parish: Burton Extra; Ecclesiastical parish: Christchurch
Town:Burton upon Trent; County/Island:Staffordshire; Country:England

NO!NO! William Foster b abt 1803 Wolverhampton, Staffordshire, England
Brother Wolverhampton, Staffordshire
OCC Cabinet locksmith journeyman
in 1861
Name: William Foster; Gender: Male; Relation: Brother
Age: 55; Estimated birth year: 1806; Where born: Wolverhampton
Civil Parish: Wolverhampton; Ecclesiastical parish: St Peter
County/Island: Staffordshire; Country: England
OCC Lockmaker




*********workhouse notes***********
- http://www.workhouses.org.uk/intro/
Each Poor Law Union was managed by a locally elected Board of Guardians and the whole system was administered by a central Poor Law Commission. In the late 1830s, hundreds of new union workhouse buildings were erected across the country.
By the 1850s, the majority of those forced into the workhouse were not the work-shy, but the old, the infirm, the orphaned, unmarried mothers, and the physically or mentally ill.... Entering its harsh regime and spartan conditions was considered the ultimate degradation.
In the 1850s and 60s, complaints were growing about the conditions in many London workhouses.

- http://www.workhouses.org.uk/Stone/#Post-1834
The new Stone Union took over the existing parish workhouse and in 1839 it was enlarged to accommodate 300 inmates

-http://www.workhouses.org.uk/life/entry.shtml
Formal admission into the workhouse proper was authorised by the Board of Guardians at their weekly meetings, where an applicant could summoned to justify their application.
While residing in a workhouse, paupers were not allowed out without permission.
Many inmates were, however, to become long-term residents of the workhouse. A Parliamentary report of 1861 found that, nation-wide, over 20 percent of inmates had been in the workhouse for more than five years.

-http://www.workhouses.org.uk/life/classification.shtml
Union workhouse inmates were strictly segregated into seven classes which initially comprised:
Aged or infirm men.
Able bodied men, and youths above 13.
Youths and boys above seven years old and under 13.
Aged or infirm women
Able-bodied women and girls above 16.
Girls above seven years old and under 16.
Children under 7 seven years of age.
Husbands, wives and older children were separated as soon as they entered the workhouse and could be punished if they even tried to speak to one another.
Children under seven could be placed (if the Guardians thought fit) in the female wards and, from 1842, their mothers could have access to them "at all reasonable times". Parents could also have an "interview" with their children "at some time in each day".

-http://www.workhouses.org.uk/life/work.shtml
Workhouse inmates — at least those who were capable of it — were given a variety of work to perform, much of which was involved in running the workhouse. The women mostly did domestic jobs such as cleaning, or helping in the kitchen or laundry. Some workhouses had workshops for sewing, spinning and weaving or other local trades.

-http://www.workhouses.org.uk/education/
“The care and training of children are matters which should receive the anxious attention of Guardians. Pauperism is in the blood, and there is no more effectual means of checking its hereditary nature than by doing all in our power to bring up our pauper children in such a manner as to make them God-fearing, useful and healthy members of society.” per the Poor Law Handbook of the Poor Law Officers' Journal in 1901
by 1839, almost half of the workhouse population (42,767 out of 97,510) were children.
If an able-bodied man was admitted to (or departed from) the workhouse, his whole family had to accompany him. Once inside, the family was split up, with each going to their own section. A child under seven could, if deemed 'expedient', be accommodated with its mother in the female section of the workhouse and even share her bed
Boards of Guardians frequently became the legal guardians of orphaned children until were old enough to enter employment, usually from the age of fourteen. The great majority of girls went into domestic service, while boys usually entered into whatever local employment was on offer or, in some cases, joined the army or navy.
The regulations issued by the Poor Law Commissioners required that:
No child under twelve years of age shall be punished by confinement in a dark room or during the night.
No corporal punishment shall be inflicted on any male child, except by the Schoolmaster or Master.
No corporal punishment shall be inflicted on any female child.
No corporal punishment shall be inflicted on any male child, except with a rod or other instrument, such as may have been approved of by the Guardians or the Visiting Committee.
No corporal punishment shall be inflicted on any male child until two hours shall have elapsed from the commission of the offence for which such punishment is inflicted.
Whenever any male child is punished by corporal correction, the Master and Schoolmaster shall (if possible) be both present.
No male child shall be punished by flogging whose age may be reasonably supposed to exceed fourteen years.
numerous instances of cruelty and abuse of children came to light over the years.

-http://www.workhouses.org.uk/education/workhouse.shtml
Under the 1834 Act, Poor Law Unions were required to provide at least three hours a day of schooling for workhouse children
a few unions did begin to set up separate schools which provided accommodation and education for pauper children away from the physical conditions and "malign influence" of the main workhouse.
the introduction of "industrial training" (handicrafts for the boys, domestic training for the girls)
The term "Industrial School" or "School of Industry" is one that, confusingly, was used at different times for somewhat different institutions.... Such establishments, run by the parish, provided pauper children with training, mostly in domestic and agricultural skills.
after the passing of the 1857 Industrial Schools Act, the term Industrial School was primarily used for establishments used to house vagrant, destitute and disorderly children who were considered in danger of becoming criminals or who were in contact with prostitutes

-http://www.workhouses.org.uk/education/apprenticeship.shtml
An apprenticeship was an extended period of training in a craft or trade, given to a boy by an established master in the trade. Originally, boys had to be aged from 10 to 18 years old, to begin an apprenticeship, although the Parish Apprentices Act of 1698 reduced the allowable age of entry to seven. The apprenticeship normally lasted until the apprentice was 21
the apprenticeship system could also be used by parishes to take poor children from the workhouse
Some parishes prevailed upon their own rate-payers in turn to take a pauper child for at least a year, or else face a £10 penalty. Sometimes, children were assigned by a lottery.
A more common procedure was to offer a premium of up to £10 to anyone willing to take a pauper child in for a set period, typically seven years, and train it in a trade.
The 1834 Poor Law Amendment Act had intended to abolish the apprenticing of workhouse children....Although use of the apprenticeship system continued after under the New Poor Law, it became the subject of much criticism
In 1842, a Royal Commission on Children's Employment in Mines and Manufactories reported that workhouse boys in South Staffordshire, some as young as eight, were being sent on "apprenticeships" of up to twelve years working in coal mines. In fact, the boys were usually employed as "hurriers"
The Poor Law (Apprentices) Act of 1851 improved the lot of workhouse apprentices, making their mistreatment an offence, and requiring them to receive reqular visits from their union's relieving officer.
From the 1840s onwards, an increasing number of unions began to provide some kind industrial training within their workhouses, although the resources required to do this made its quality somewhat variable — for girls, it usually included domestic training to fit them for service; for boys in rural areas, training was largely in agricultural work.

-http://www.workhouses.org.uk/records/plu.shtml
Although not linked to poor relief, Vaccination registers may also be of interest. In 1840, poor-law unions were made responsible for administering the new scheme for free vaccinations, aimed primarily at children. These were originally voluntary but became became compulsory from 1853.

-http://www.workhouses.org.uk/records/






****
what if Jane Parsons from James BC was her maiden name?
1852-15 = 1837; so maybe born 1800-1837 b Stone
Spouses
Birthabt 1817, Staffordshire, England
Death17 Feb 1844, Stafford, Staffordshire
OccupationLabourer per son James’ MC
Marriage6 Apr 1840, Castle Church, Staffordshire
ChildrenWilliam (1840-)
 John (1843-)
 James (~1850-1894)
Birthabt 1801, Walsall, Staffordshire
Deathbef 1881
Marriage30 Jan 1859, Wednesbury, Staffordshire
Last Modified 16 Aug 2018Created 25 May 2020 using Reunion for Macintosh